Business Rules/Logic

Code On Time web applications perform automatic handling of binary large objects (BLOB). Thumbnails of images are displayed in grids and forms, such as in the screenshot below.

Users can clear or replace the field with files of their own choosing. This functionality is available out-of-the-box and requires no extra programming when the data is stored in the database. It can be extended by adding utility fields to store the file name, size, and extension.

An alternative to database-stored data is use an external storage location. The data can be placed in online storage systems such as Amazon S3 or Microsoft Azure Storage. These systems provide many benefits, such as easy scalability and content delivery networks. The data can also be stored on a local Network Attached Storage (NAS).

Let’s implement a column in the Categories table of the sample Northwind database in order to store data on the local hard drive.

Adding Columns to the Categories Table

Start SQL Server Management Studio and connect to your database. In the Object Explorer, right-click on Databases / Northwind / Tables / dbo.Categories and press Design.

Add the following columns:

Save the changes to the table.

Refreshing the Project

Start Code On Time web application generator. Click on the project name, and select Refresh. Check the box next to Categories controller and continue to refresh the web app.

Implementing ExternalDoc Field

Start the Project Designer. In the Project Explorer, right-click on Categories / Fields node, and press New Field.

Assign the following values:

Save the field.

We will need to bind the field to grid1 and editForm1 views and prevent the user from editing the utility fields. In the Project Explorer, drag Categories / Fields  / ExternalDoc (Byte[]) field node onto Categories / Views / grid1.

Drag ExternalDoc (Byte[]) field node onto Categories / Views / editForm1 node.

Let’s prevent users from editing the utility fields in editForm1 or grid1. Right-click on Categories / Views node, and press List.

Upload of binary content is currently only supported for existing records. Let’s remove the utility fields from createForm1. Click on Categories / Views / createForm1 / ExternalDocFileName data field node. Hold Shift key, and click on ExternalDocContentType. Right-click and press Delete.

At the top of the Project Browser, switch to Data Fields tab. A grid of data fields will be displayed. Make the following changes to Format and Text Mode properties:

Implementing the Business Rules

If you try to upload files in the ExternalDoc field, an error will be displayed. File upload and download will have to be handled with custom business rules, which will do the following:

• The first business rule will prevent the default upload behavior, and persist the file contents to the specified folder. The file will be named using the CategoryID and generic “.bin” extension.
  
• When the binary content needs to be streamed to the client browser, another business rule will prevent the default behavior and use the CategoryID to find the file and pass it to the client.
  
• The third method will update the value of the binary field with the primary key of the record if an external file exists. The client library will pass the ID to the server components and display a thumbnail.
  If the binary field is empty then the method will return the CategoryID preceded by the word null and the symbol “|”. For example, if the category ID is 7491 then the value stored in ExternalDoc will be null|7491. 
  We are not actually probing if the file exists in the designated folder. Instead we make an assumption that if ExternalDocFileName field value is not blank then the file has been previously uploaded without errors.

The folder that blobs will be saved to must exist before they will be saved. Navigate to your My Documents folder and create another folder with the name “My External Doc Files”.

In the Project Explorer, right-click on Categories / Business Rules node, and press New Business Rule.

Assign the following properties:

Save the business rule. Create another business rule with the following properties:

Create a third rule:

On the toolbar, press Browse to generate the business rule files. When complete, right-click on Categories / Business Rules / UploadFile (Code / Execute) – r100 node, and press Edit Rule in Visual Studio.

Replace the code base with the following. Note that a Stream parameter has been added to the method definition in order to handle the uploaded file.

C#:

using System;
using MyCompany.Data;
using System.IO;

namespace MyCompany.Rules
{
    public partial class CategoriesBusinessRules : MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
    {
        [Rule("r100")]
        public void r100Implementation(int? categoryID, string categoryName, 
            string description, string externalDocFileName, int? externalDocLength, 
            string externalDocContentType, Stream externalDoc)
        {
            PreventDefault();
            string fileName = Path.Combine(
                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments),
                String.Format(@"My External Doc Files\{0}.bin", categoryID));
            Stream output = File.Create(fileName);
            externalDoc.CopyTo(output);
            output.Close();
        }
    }
}

Visual Basic:

Imports MyCompany.Data
Imports System
Imports System.IO

Namespace MyCompany.Rules

    Partial Public Class CategoriesBusinessRules
        Inherits MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
        <Rule("r100")> _
        Public Sub r100Implementation(ByVal categoryID As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal categoryName As String,
                                      ByVal description As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocFileName As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocLength As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal externalDocContentType As String,
                                      ByVal externalDoc As Stream)
            PreventDefault()
            Dim fileName As String = Path.Combine( _
                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments), _
                String.Format("My External Doc Files\\{0}.bin", categoryID))
            Dim output As Stream = File.Create(fileName)
            externalDoc.CopyTo(output)
            output.Close()
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Save the file. In the Project Explorer, right-click on Categories / Business Rules / DownloadFile (Code / Execute) – r101 node and press Edit Rule in Visual Studio.

Replace the code:

C#:

using System;
using MyCompany.Data;
using System.IO;

namespace MyCompany.Rules
{
    public partial class CategoriesBusinessRules : MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
    {
        [Rule("r101")]
        public void r101Implementation(int? categoryID, string categoryName, string description, 
            string externalDocFileName, int? externalDocLength, string externalDocContentType, 
            Stream externalDoc)
        {
            PreventDefault();
            string fileName = Path.Combine(
                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments),
                String.Format(@"My External Doc Files\{0}.bin", categoryID));
            Stream input = File.OpenRead(fileName);
            input.CopyTo(externalDoc);
            input.Close();
        }
    }
}

Visual Basic:

Imports MyCompany.Data
Imports System
Imports System.IO

Namespace MyCompany.Rules

    Partial Public Class CategoriesBusinessRules
        Inherits MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
        <Rule("r101")> _
        Public Sub r101Implementation(ByVal categoryID As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal categoryName As String,
                                      ByVal description As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocFileName As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocLength As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal externalDocContentType As String,
                                      ByVal externalDoc As Stream)
            PreventDefault()
            Dim fileName As String = Path.Combine( _
                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments), _
                String.Format("My External Doc Files\\{0}.bin", categoryID))
            Dim input As Stream = File.OpenRead(fileName)
            input.CopyTo(externalDoc)
            input.Close()
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Save the file. Finally, right-click on Categories / Business Rules / Select (Code / Execute) – r101 node and press Edit Rule in Visual Studio.

Replace the code with the following:

C#:

using System;
using MyCompany.Data;

namespace MyCompany.Rules
{
    public partial class CategoriesBusinessRules : MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
    {
        [Rule("r102")]
        public void r102Implementation(int? categoryID, string categoryName, 
            string description, string externalDocFileName, int? externalDocLength,
            string externalDocContentType)
        {
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(externalDocFileName))
                UpdateFieldValue("ExternalDoc", categoryID);
            else
                UpdateFieldValue("ExternalDoc", String.Format("null|{0}", categoryID));
        }
    }
}

Visual Basic:

Imports MyCompany.Data
Imports System

Namespace MyCompany.Rules
    
    Partial Public Class CategoriesBusinessRules
        Inherits MyCompany.Data.BusinessRules
        <Rule("r102")> _
        Public Sub r102Implementation(ByVal categoryID As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal categoryName As String,
                                      ByVal description As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocFileName As String,
                                      ByVal externalDocLength As Nullable(Of Integer),
                                      ByVal externalDocContentType As String)
            If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(externalDocFileName) Then
                UpdateFieldValue("ExternalDoc", categoryID)
            Else
                UpdateFieldValue("ExternalDoc", String.Format("null|{0}", categoryID))
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

Save the file.

Viewing the Results

On the Project Designer toolbar, press Browse. When complete, navigate to the Categories page. The utility fields will be present in the grid.

Start editing a record, and upload a file to External Doc field. The file will be uploaded successfully, and the utility fields will be updated with the correct information.

Clicking on the thumbnail will download or open the file with the correct format. The file is stored in the folder My Documents/My External Doc Files with a file name of the CategoryID and extension of “.bin”.

SQL business rules allow server-side code to be executed in response to certain conditions. In addition to executing anonymous SQL code blocks, business rules can also be used in order to trigger a stored procedure.

Let’s create a stored procedure in the Northwind database that will calculate the average value of Freight for a specified customer. Then, a business rule will be added that will be triggered before every Update and Insert command in the Orders controller, and will use the stored procedure to verify that the Freight does not exceed the average freight. If it does, a message will be displayed and the command will be canceled.

Creating a Stored Procedure

Start SQL Server Management Studio. In the Object Explorer, right-click on Databases / Northwind node, and press New Query.

Insert the following query:

create procedure sp_ValidateFreight
    -- inputted customer
    @CustomerID nvarchar(5),
    -- returned average freight
    @AverageFreight money output
as
begin
   select @AverageFreight = AVG(Freight) 
   from Orders
   where CustomerID = @CustomerID
end
go

On the toolbar, press Execute to create the stored procedure.

Adding the Business Rule

Start the Project Designer. In the Project Explorer, switch to the Controllers tab. Right-click on Orders / Business Rules node, and press New Business Rule.

Assign the following values:

declare @AvgFreightOfOrders money
-- execute stored procedure
exec sp_ValidateFreight @CustomerID,
    @AverageFreight = @AvgFreightOfOrders output
-- check the freight
if @AvgFreightOfOrders is not null 
    and @AvgFreightOfOrders < @Freight 
begin
    -- prevent actual Update or Insert from happening
    set @BusinessRules_PreventDefault = 1 
    -- show an alert next to the Freight field
    set @Result_Focus = 'Freight,The freight exceeds the average' 
    + ' of $' + CONVERT(varchar(12), @AvgFreightOfOrders, 1) 
    + ' of previous orders.'
end

Press OK to save the business rule.

Viewing the Results

On the toolbar, press Browse. When generation is complete, navigate to the Customers page, select a customer, and create a new order. Enter a very high value for Freight, and save the record. The save will be canceled and a message will be displayed next to Freight.

Enter a value below the displayed average and press OK. The order will be saved.